责任保险对我国侵权法的实际影响评估——基于司法适用数据的分析

Assessment of the Actual Impact of Liability Insurance on Tort Law of China:Based on the Analysis of Judicial Application Data of Liability Insurance

我国学说上呈现的责任保险对侵权法的影响,认为责任保险与侵权法具有互动性,侵权法孕育责任保险,责任保险的发展反作用于侵权法。理论层面,责任保险对侵权法的责任本位、功能、归责原则和诉讼方面产生了全面而深刻的影响。司法裁判数据显示,责任保险在我国的适用范围和类型有限,适用频次不均衡,主要集中于机动车交通事故领域。比较法上,基于诉讼制度和保险产业的发展,责任保险对侵权法的影响在英美法系国家较为突出,在大陆法系国家则影响有限。我国理论上的责任保险对侵权法完全而深刻的影响,主要是基于对英美法系保险法理论的继受,而在现实中,责任保险对侵权法有限的影响则是大陆法系国家较为正常的表现。

The theory of the impact of liability insurance on tort law in China holds that liability insurance and tort law are interactive, tort law creates liability insurance, and the development of liability insurance reacts to tort law. In theory, liability insurance has a comprehensive and profound impact on the liability standard, function, imputation principle and litigation of tort law. Judicial judgement data shows that the scope and type of liability insurance in China are limited, and the frequency of application is uneven, concentrated in the field of motor vehicle traffic accidents. In comparative law, based on the litigation system and the development of the insurance industry, the impact of liability insurance on tort law is more prominent in countries with a common law system and limited in countries with a civil law system. In China, the comprehensive and profound impact of liability insurance on tort law is mainly based on the theory of insurance law originating in the common law system. In reality, the limited impact of liability insurance on tort law is a normal performance in countries of civil law.