北部湾近海航线的形成与变迁——兼论北部湾区域航运中心的转移

Formation and Change of Beibu Gulf Coastal Route:Also on the Transfer of the Beibu Gulf Shipping Center

北部湾近海航线是南海海上丝绸之路的重要组成部分,对于中越两国乃至中国和东南亚诸国之间的经济、文化交流起着极其重要的作用。整体而言,以宋代为分界点,宋之前的北部湾近海航线形成于秦汉,经历魏晋南朝、隋唐时期逐步发展,在宋代达到极盛,表现为航线用途多元化和航行活动的增加,区域航运中心在合浦(唐廉州);宋以后,由于远洋航行的实现、越南的独立以及明清海禁政策等原因,北部湾近海航线盛极而衰,可见诸史籍的大规模航行活动寥寥无几,航运中心也由廉州转移到钦州。

Beibu gulf coastal route is an important part of the south China sea maritime silk road, which plays an extremely important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam as well as between China and southeast Asian countries. On the whole, taking the song dynasty as the demarcation point, Beibu gulf coastal route before the song dynasty was formed in qin and han dynasties, and gradually developed during the wei, jin, southern dynasties and sui and tang dynasties. After the song dynasty, due to the realization of ocean navigation, the independence of Vietnam and the policy of sea prohibition in the Ming and qing dynasties, the Beibu gulf coastal route became prosperous and declined, which was reflected in the fact that few large-scale navigation activities could be seen in the historical records, and the shipping center was also transferred from lianzhou to qinzhou.