MMPI在军事飞行人员体检中应用的信效度分析及常模编制

Reliability and validity of MMPI for physical check-ups among military pilots and norm establishment

目的探索明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)在军事飞行人员体检中应用的信效度,并编制军事飞行人员群体常模。方法收集2013年1月-2018年7月来空军特色医学中心(原空军总医院)进行年度体检或改装体检的军事飞行人员361名,应用PROP心理CT系统完成相应评估,分析4个效度量表包含疑问量表(Q)、说谎量表(L)、诈病量表(F)、校正量表(K)和10个临床量表包含疑病症(Hs)、抑郁(D)、癔病(Hy)、精神病态(Pd)、男女子气(Mf)、偏执(Pa)、精神衰弱(Pt)、精神分裂(Sc)、轻躁狂(Ma)、社会内向(Si),分析比较军事飞行人员MMPI各分量表得分与全国常模的差异性,并进行相关矩阵和探索性因子分析探讨其信效度,并建立年龄常模。结果军事飞行人员L、K和Hy3个分量表高于全国常模(P<0.01),F、Hs、D、Pd、Mf、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma和Si均低于全国常模(P<0.01);相关矩阵结果显示F与Sc、Pt及Hs等正相关较高,Hs与D、Pt正相关较高,Mf相对独立,Si与Pt、D正相关较高;探索性因子分析得到社会适应不良、神经质、精神质、过度控制、男性/女性化和轻躁狂6个因子;单因素分析结果显示,L、F、Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Si分量表在各年龄段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MMPI在军事飞行人员群体中应用具有较好的信效度,可以作为军事飞行人员心理健康评定的评估工具。

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the MMPI for physical check-ups intended for military pilots and to establish related norms. Methods Three hundred and sixty-one military pilots under physical check-ups in our hospital between January 2013 and July 2018 were selected as the subjects. Prop Psychology CT was used for evaluation. The four validity scales included Questionnaire Scale(Q), Lie Scale(L), Fraud Scale(F), Correction Scale(K) and 10 Clinical Scales including Hypochondria(Hs), Depression(D), Hysteria(Hy), Psychosis(Pd), Male and Female Gas(Mf), Paranoia(Pa), Mental Disorder(Pt), Schizophrenia(Sc), Hypomania(Ma) and Social Introversion(Si). Scores of subscales of the MMPI were compared between military pilots and the national norm. Correlation matrix and exploratory factor analysis were used to study the reliability and validity of the MMPI. Results Scores of L、K and Hy in military pilots was higher than national norm(P<0.01), Scores of F、Hs、D、Pd、Mf、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma and Si in military pilots was lower than national norm(P<0.01). Correlation matrix revealed that high positive correlation exists in F and Sc、Pt、Hs, Hs and D、Pt,Si and Pt、D,Mf was independent relatively. exploratory factor analysis showed poor social adaptation, neuroticism, pschoticism, excessive control, male/female and light Mania.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in L, F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt and Si subscales among different age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The reliability and validity of the MMPI are good enough for military pilots so that the MMPI can be used to evaluate the psychological health of military pilots.