肛肠黏膜新型给药系统研究进展及在应急卫勤保障中的应用

Research progress in anorectal mucosal drug delivery system and application in emergency medical support

部队在特殊环境作训或单兵作战时,极易造成身体的急性损伤,由于没有即时医疗随行,迫切需要一个新型给药系统,可以让伤病员通过快速镇痛、止血等措施,实施自救或小群体互救,维持基本生命体征。肛肠黏膜给药系统给药便捷、无需用水、起效迅速、载药量大,可以满足特殊环境下的单兵自救或小群体互救,并且减少肝脏首过效应,生物利用度高,具有很强的军事意义。笔者综述了肛肠黏膜给药中的制剂关键技术、剂型设计、渗透评价3个方面的研究与应用,并对其发展趋势进行了探讨,以期促进肛肠黏膜给药的深入研究及在应急卫勤保障中的应用。

Acute injuries are likely when the troops are trained in a special environment or fight individually. There is an urgent need for a new drug delivery system that allows the wounded and the sick to help themselves or help each other while maintaining basic vital signs through rapid analgesia and hemostasis even without immediate medical service available. The anorectal mucosal drug delivery system not only administers drugs easily without water, works quickly and has a big drug load capacity that can meet the need of individual rescue or small-group mutual rescue under special circumstances, but also decreases the liver first pass effect to attain high bioavailability, all of which is of great military significance. This paper reviews the research and application of the key formulation techniques, formulation design and permeation evaluation of the anorectal mucosa administration and discusses its developments in order to promote the study of anorectal mucosal administration and application during emergency medical support.