汽车动力变革中的内燃机发展趋势

Development trend of internal combustion engines in the revolution of automotive powertrain

总结了过去30年轻型车用汽油机技术与产品的进步以及近20年汽车动力多元化(包括混合动力、纯电动、燃料电池等)的变革趋势,展望了内燃机在此变革中的发展趋势。在过去30年,汽油机技术取得了长足的进步;汽油机产品在动力性、燃油经济性、排放控制方面获得了全方位的大幅度提高。对动力技术多元化的分析指出内燃机在汽车动力中仍将起到关键作用,未来30年里至少60%以上的轻型汽车仍然需要使用内燃机,但是,内燃机的地位将逐步发生变化。汽车动力将从内燃机单独驱动的"独唱"逐渐演变为内燃机和电机共同驱动的"二重唱"。轻型车用汽油发动机未来发展的重点包括开发混合动力专用发动机、提高发动机热效率和应用低碳燃料(如天然气)等。最后,探讨了提高汽油机热效率至45%的技术手段。

The progresses achieved in the past 30 years are reviewed in the technologies and products of light-duty automotive gasoline engines. The revolutionary diversifications happened in the past 20 years of automotive powertrains are also summarized including hybrid, pure electrical and fuel cell ones. And the future development trend is foreseen of internal combustion engines for light-duty vehicle applications. Remarkable advances have been achieved in the gasoline engine technologies and products indicated by the significant improvements in the power density, thermal efficiency(fuel economy), emission levels and so forth. Based on the predictive researches of the diversified powertrain options, it is concluded that internal combustion engines will continue to play important roles in the future automotive, and at least 60% of light-duty vehicles will be equipped with internal combustion engines in the future 30 years. However, the dominant role of an engine will gradually change such that a car powered by a single engine will shift to be powered by a combination of an engine and a motor or motors. The role of an engine will change from Solo to Duo. The future development of light-duty vehicle gasoline engines will be focused on the design of hybrid-dedicated engines, improvement of thermal efficiency and the application of low-carbon fuels such as natural gas. The technological means are finally discussed for improving the engine’s thermal efficiency up to 45%.