喹诺酮外排泵耐药基因oqxAB的耐药机制及其流行情况

Drug resistance and prevalence of quinolone efflux pump resistance gene oqxAB

oqx AB是编码Oqx AB外排泵蛋白的多重耐药基因,由2个开放阅读框oqx A和oqx B组成,其主要介导细菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药。该基因最早是在大肠埃希菌pOLA52质粒上被发现,是质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因的重要成员之一。目前已经分别发现了11个oqxA和32个oqxB等位基因。oqxAB通过质粒进行水平传播,使受体菌株容易形成耐药性,增加了临床治疗的难度。该基因目前主要流行于肠杆菌科,但不能排除也存在于非肠杆菌科细菌,给人类与家畜健康造成巨大的威胁。本文综述了喹诺酮外排泵耐药基因oqxAB及其等位基因的发现、耐药机制、国内外流行特点,以期为临床和畜牧生产中合理使用喹诺酮类抗菌药物,减少oqxAB基因的流行提供资料。

The oqxAB is a multidrug-resistant efflux gene encoding the OqxAB efflux pump. It comprises two open reading frames, oqxA and oqxB, and confers bacterial resistance, especially to quinolones.OqxAB, discovered in E. coli plasmid pOLA52 is one of the important members of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance(PMQR) genes. Until now, 11 oqxA and 32 oqxB alleles have been found respectively.OqxAB can be disseminated horizontally through the transmissible plasmid and to increases the resistance level of the receptor, resulting in the more difficult treatment. Although the gene is currently mainly prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae, it cannot be excluded in non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, which will pose a huge threat to human and livestock health. This review summarizes the discovery, drug resistance mechanism and epidemiological characteristics of the oqxAB and its alleles, aiming to provide literature data for the rational use of quinolone in clinical treatment and the process of food animal production, as well as reduce the prevalence of oqxAB.