控释肥对香石竹出圃苗质量的影响

Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizer on the Quality of Dianthus caryophyllus L. Seedlings

【目的】利用长效控释氮肥(脲甲醛泡沫)、活性磷肥调控香石竹基质配方,研究不同处理对香石竹出圃质量的影响,为香石竹施肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】设定不同控释肥处理对香石竹进行盆栽种植,分别于0、15、30 d对香石竹的株高、冠幅进行测定,并在30 d对香石竹进行采样分析生物量、地上部氮磷积累量和根系形态指标。【结果】种植30 d后,T4处理(草花基质添加复合肥1.6 kg/m^3、缓释肥1.14 kg/m^3、活性磷5.71 kg/m^3、脲甲醛6.05 kg/m^3作为栽培基质)的叶、茎、根的生物量,总根长,总根表面积,地上部氮、磷积累量均为最大值,分别为3.12 g/株、1.75 g/株、0.82 g/株、5.15 m/株、526 cm^2/株、179 mg/株和21.32 mg/株,与对照处理(草花基质添加复合肥4.8 kg/m^3、缓释肥3.6 kg/m^3作为栽培基质)相比显著差异。【结论】施加脲甲醛泡沫和活性磷肥对香石竹的生长有显著影响,从生物量、总根长、总根表面积、地上部氮磷积累量等方面综合考虑,T4处理的石竹生长效果最好,不仅能获得较好的形态指标,而且能提高氮磷肥的积累量,香石竹出圃苗质量较佳。

【Objective】In this study, a series of substrate formula modulated with long-acting controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer(urea formaldehyde foam) and active phosphorus fertilizer were used to analyze the effects of different fertilizer ratios on the quality of Dianthus caryophyllus seedlings, which provided theoretical basis for fertilization technology of D. caryophyllus.【Methods】The height and crown diameter of D. caryophyllus planted with modulated substrates were measured at 0, 15 and 30 d, respectively, and the whole plants were harvested at the 30 th day for the analysis of biomass, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in above-ground part and root morphology indicators.【Results】At the 30 th day, all the measured indicators(biomass of leave, stem and root, total root length, total root surface area, total N and P of above-ground part) of T4 treatment(annual flower matrix added with compound fertilizer 1.6 kg/m^3, slow release fertilizer 1.14 kg/m^3, active phosphorus 5.71 kg/m^3, urea formaldehyde 6.05 kg/m^3 as the cultivation substrate)reached the maximum values, and such indicators had significant difference with those of CK treatment(annual flower matrix added with compound fertilizer 4.8 kg/m^3, slow release fertilizer 3.6 kg/m^3 as cultivation substrate). All the measured indicators(biomass of leave, stem and root, total root length, total root surface area, total N and P of above-ground part) of T4 treatment were 3.12 g/plant, 1.75 g/plant, 0.82 g/plant, 5.15 m/plant, 526 cm^2/plant, 179 mg/plant and 21.32 mg/plant, respectively.【Conclusion】Substrates modulated with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer(urea formaldehyde foam) and active phosphorus fertilizer had significant effects on the growth of D. caryophyllus. In consideration of biomass, total root length, total root surface area, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of the above-ground part, the growth effect of D. caryophyllus seedlings under T4 treatment is the best, which not only can obtain better morphological indicators, but also improve the accumulation of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer.