斑节对虾南海2号混养黄鳍鲷和褐篮子鱼对池塘水质和生长性能的影响

Effects of Polyculture of Penaeus monodon“Nanhai No.2”with Sparuslatus and Siganus fuscessens on the Water Quality and Growth of Shrimp in Ponds

【目的】为了提高黄鳍鲷、褐篮子鱼在1 000 m2斑节对虾南海2号养殖池塘内的生态效益。【方法】试验比较了斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)南海2号-黄鳍鲷(Sparuslatus)(混养黄鳍鲷处理)、斑节对虾南海2号-褐篮子鱼(Siganus fuscessens)(混养褐篮子鱼处理)混养池塘内营养盐变化、颗粒物质含量、浮游藻类、浮游动物以及养殖生物生长性能等指标在105d的变化。【结果】整个实验期间混养黄鳍鲷处理和混养褐篮子鱼处理池塘水体中氨氮(NH4^+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)、颗粒物质(TPM)等均表现出增加的趋势;在实验中后期,混养黄鳍鲷处理池塘水体中的溶解态氮低于混养褐篮子鱼处理,然而TN含量却高于混养褐篮子鱼处理,至试验后期表现出显著差异;同时,混养黄鳍鲷处理池塘水体中的颗粒物质含量高于混养褐篮子鱼处理,表明混养黄鳍鲷处理池塘水体中较高的TN含量是源于悬浮颗粒物质。两口混养池塘内浮游生物和叶绿素a含量变化范围分别为6.83~18.65μg/L和5.34~16.24μg/L,二者之间无显著性差异。【结论】试验结果表明,黄鳍鲷的扰动作用可以促进池塘底部有机质向上层水体迁移,有利于降低NH4^+-N、NO3^--N等物质的积累和促进池塘养殖系统内物质循环;斑节对虾南海2号存塘率和鱼类取样结果表明,黄鳍鲷和褐篮子鱼可以与对虾直接混养,取得更高的经济效益。黄鳍鲷和褐篮子鱼对养殖池塘不同粒径浮游植物的滤食能力需要进一步研究。

【Objective】The objective of the study was to explore the ecological benefits of Sparuslatus and Siganus fuscessens in two 1 000 m2 aquaculture ponds for Penaeus monodon.【Method】A test was conducted to compare the change of nutritive salt, content of particulate material, growth performance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and other indexes in P. monodon"Nanhai No.2"-Sparuslatus(Sparuslatus polyculture treatment, XZ pond) polyculture pond and the change of such indexes in P. monodon"Nanhai No.2"-S. fuscessens(S. fuscessens polyculture treatment, XL pond) polyculture pond in 105 days.【Results】The results showed that the contents of ammonia nitrogen(NH4^+-N), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) and particulate matter in XZ pond and XL pond were increased during the entire experiment. At the middle and later experiment period, the dissolved nitrogen in the XZ pond was lower than that in the XL pond while the TN content in the XZ pond was higher than that in the XL pond and the difference became more significant in the late experiment period. Meanwhile, the particulate matter content in XZ pond was higher than that in the XL pond, which indicated that the higher TN content in XZ pond was from suspended particulate matters. The ranges of variation of plankton and chlorophyll a content in the two ponds were 6.83-18.65 μg/L and 5.34-16.24 μg/L, respectively, showing no significant difference.【Conclusion】The experimental results indicated that the bioturbation of Sparuslatus could boost the transportation of organic matter from the bottom to the upper body of the pond, which was beneficial to reduce the accumulation of NH4^+-N, NO3^--N and other substances, and promote the material circulation in the pond culture system. The survival rate of P. monodon"Nanhai No.2"and fish sampling results indicated that the Sparuslatus and S. fuscessens could be cultured with P. monodon"Nanhai No.2"directly to achieve higher economic benefits. Further study needs to be conducted on the feed filtration capacity of Sparuslatus and S. fuscessens on different phytoplankton with different particle sizes in culture ponds because of the importance of phytoplankton in the water.