大学生完美主义人格特点的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Personality Characteristics of College Students’ Perfectionism

从认知、情绪、动机的角度,比较消极型完美主义者(Ⅰ类)、积极型完美主义者(Ⅱ类)、混合型完美主义者(Ⅲ类)以及非完美主义者(Ⅳ类)人格特点的差异。对4类完美主义者分别进行半结构式的访谈,并对访谈内容进行文本定性分析。研究表明:从认知层面来看,Ⅰ类完美主义者在权威面前感到压迫,Ⅲ类对其持矛盾的态度,Ⅱ类并不畏惧权威,Ⅳ类对其持中立的看法;Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类的自我评价中包括消极、积极成分,Ⅱ类和Ⅳ类都用乐观词汇评价自己;Ⅱ类与Ⅳ类对外界刺激不敏感,Ⅰ类与Ⅲ类均对人际环境较敏感。从情绪层面来看,在正向情绪上,Ⅱ类比Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类存在更多正能量;负向情绪上,Ⅲ类和Ⅰ类比Ⅱ类、Ⅳ类存在更多负能量。从动机层面来看,Ⅰ类、Ⅳ类向往安逸的生活,Ⅱ类追求具有挑战性的生活,Ⅲ类喜欢舒适而又有竞争的环境。研究认为四种类型的完美主义者在认知、动机、情绪层面表现出明显的差异。

Objective:To compare the differences in personality characteristics of negative perfectionists (Class I),positive perfectionists (Class II),mixed perfectionists (Class III),and imperfectionists (Class IV) from the perspectives of cognition,emotion,and motivation. Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four types of perfectionists,and textual qualitative analysis was conducted on the interview content.Results:Cognitive level:Class I perfectionists feel oppressed in front of authority,while Class III having a contradictory attitude,Class II not fearing authority and Class IV having a neutral view;self-evaluation of Class I and Class III includes negative and positive components.Both Class II and Class IV evaluate themselves with optimistic vocabulary;Class II and Class IV are not sensitive to the outside world,and Class I and Class III are sensitive to the human environment.Emotional level:As to positive emotions,Class II has more positive energy than Class I,Class III,and Class IV;as to negative emotions,Class III and Class I have more negative energy than Class II and Class IV.Motivation level:Class I and Class IV yearn for a comfortable life,while Class II pursues a challenging life,and Class III prefers a comfortable and competitive environment.Conclusion: The four types of perfectionists show significant differences in cognition,motivation,and emotion.