“直而有礼”:《论语》“直”义之核心

Integrity and Politeness:The interpretation of the Integrity of the Analects of Confucius

《论语》一书中关于孔子言及“直”多矣,实则一分为三:其一,孔子将前代所论之“直”作为一种品德的褒赞;其二,孔子认识并提出了正直之“直”在行为上可能产生的攻讦他人等问题;其三,孔子在因循基础上的发挥,即“直而好学”“直而有礼”“质直好义”,这主要是对问题的回应,目的是为了约束常人因正直之“直”可能带来的攻讦他人等恶劣行为。孔子提出的“直而好学”之“学”指向的是“礼”,是以“直而有礼”才是关键。

In the book "The Analects of Confucius", about Confucius and "straight", in fact, it is divided into three: First, Confucius regards the "straight" of the previous generation as a kind of praise;second, Confucius knows And put forward the problems of "straight" in the act of attacking others and others;thirdly, Confucius played on the basis of the basis of the law, that is,"straight and eager to learn","straight and courteous" and "righteous and good", this is mainly It is a response to the problem. That is,"straight and studious","straight and courteous" and "straight and righteous". This is mainly a response to the problem. Its purpose is to restrain people from criticizing others and other bad acts that may be brought about by honest "straightforward". His "straight and eager to learn" refers to "courtesy", which is the key.