怒江地区漆树籽油和蜡的脂肪酸成分分析

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Lacquer Seed Oil and Wax in Nujiang Area

为给怒江地区漆树种籽的研究和开发利用提供参考,以怒江昭通栽培的官大木、青杠皮、薄叶漆、光叶漆4个漆树品种种籽为试验材料,利用索氏抽提法和GC-MS法,分别测定并分析了漆籽中漆油和漆蜡的脂肪酸成分。结果表明:漆油是以亚油酸为主的脂肪酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量高达60%。漆蜡是以棕榈酸为主的脂肪酸,其饱和脂肪酸含量高达70%。漆油和漆蜡的主要脂肪酸总量差异小,仅差0.16%。但主要脂肪酸的含量比例差异极大,漆油主要脂肪酸由亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸和棕榈油酸等6种脂肪酸构成,漆蜡主要脂肪酸由棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、二十烷二酸和花生酸共5种脂肪酸组成。漆油和漆蜡的主要不饱和脂肪酸总含量差异极大。漆油的主要不饱和脂肪酸占比79.77%,而漆蜡的主要不饱和脂肪酸占比小于19.04%。其中官大木漆树漆油的主要不饱和脂肪酸总含量最高,其可视为漆油中高不饱和脂肪酸的漆树良种。4个品种漆油和漆蜡中的脂肪酸成分均不少于18种。4个品种漆油和漆蜡均检测出特有的成分,漆油和漆蜡的脂肪酸成分存在明显差异。漆油中含有漆蜡中未测到的蓖麻醇酸、木蜡酸、2-己基-环丙辛酸、二十一烷酸、二十三烷酸和二十九烷酸。漆蜡中含有漆油中未测到的植物甾醇、3-辛基环氧乙烷辛酸和抗坏血酸-2,6-二棕榈酸酯。

In order to provide theoretical basis for the research,development and utilization of the lacquer seed in the Nujiang area,four lacquer varieties-such as Guandamu,Qinggangpi,Boyeqi and Guangyeqi,cultivated in Zhaotong were used as test materials.Soxhlet Extraction and GC-MS were used to determine and analyze the fatty acid composition of paint oil and paint wax in lacquer seed.The results showed that:The lacquer oil is a linoleic acid-based fatty acid with an unsaturated fatty acid content of up to 60%.Lacquer wax is a palmitic acid-based fatty acid with a saturated fatty acid content of up to 70%.The difference in the total amount of major fatty acids in lacquer oil and lacquer wax is small,only 0.16%difference.But the proportions of major fatty acids vary greatly.The main fatty acids of lacquer oil are composed of six fatty acids such as linoleic acid,oleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid.The main fatty acid of wax is composed of five fatty acids of palmitic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,eicosanedioic acid and arachidic acid.The total unsaturated fatty acid content of lacquer oil and lacquer wax showed tremendous difference.The main unsaturated fatty acids of paint oil accounted for 79.77%,while the main unsaturated fatty acids of paint wax accounted for less than 19.04%.Among them,Guandamu lacquer oil has the highest total content of main unsaturated fatty acids,which can be regarded as a good variety of lacquer trees with high unsaturated fatty acids in varnish.The fatty acid components in 4 varieties of paint oil and paint wax were no less than 20.The 4 varieties of lacquer oil and lacquer wax all detected unique components,and the fatty acid composition of lacquer oil and lacquer wax was significantly different.The lacquer oil contains Ricinoleic acid,Lignoceric acid,2-hexyl-cyclopropanoic acid,Heneicosanoic acid,Tricosanic acid and Nonacosanoic acid which are not detected in the lacquer wax.The lacquer wax contains Beta-Sitosterol,3-octyl oxirane octanoate and Ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate which are not detected in the lacquer oil.