显白与隐微:古典教育的两重性——兼论“高贵谎言”的教育意蕴

Exoteric and Esoteric:The Duality of Classical Education——With Reflections on the Educational Implications of the "Royal Lie"

哲人与城邦的冲突产生了所谓的"苏格拉底问题",导致哲学不得不为自身的合理性进行辩护。与之相关的古典教育,也在现实中遭遇了困境。柏拉图发现了这个问题,对教育活动进行了适当的调整,正式开启了古典教育的两重性。然而,随着现代哲学与社会的和解、学校制度对教师的收编,教育不可避免地遗失了传统,并退化为一种功利化知识传递活动。若想从这种困境中突围,有必要重拾古典教育的精神及方式。

The clashes between philosophers and polis have resulted in the "Socratic Problem",which has led philosophers to defend their own legitimacy.Classical education,which is associated with it,has also encountered difficulties.Plato discovered this problem and made appropriate adjustments to the educational activity,which officially initiated the duality of classical education.However,with the reconciliation between modern philosophy and society and the incorporation of teachers into school system,education inevitably loses its tradition and degenerates into a utilitarian transmission of knowledge.To break through this dilemma,it is necessary to regain the spirit and manner of classical education.