集中居住让生活更美好——基于江苏集中居住区居民生活质量的调查与思考

Centralized Living Makes Life Better:A Survey and Consideration on Residents’ Life Quality in Concentrated Residential Areas in Jiangsu Province

美好生活是当前全社会对于高质量生活的共同期盼与追求,集中居住为农民共享美好生活提供了契机。美好生活与人们的生活水平有关,代表了一种高质量、高品位的生活方式。因此,追求美好生活实质上就是在追求和提升生活质量。为了能够直观地了解集中居住区居民生活质量的总体状况,同时为了检视目前的集中居住政策效果,文章对江苏农民集中居住区进行了实证研究。结果发现,总体上集中居住区居民就业率较高,收入来源多元化,居民居住条件较好,养老与医疗覆盖率较高,但不同区域集中居住区居民生活质量差异显著。其中,苏南、苏中地区集中居住区居民生活质量已达到较高水平,而苏北地区仍然存在就业稳定率低、社会保障满意度不高、心理适应与调节能力弱等问题,制约了生活质量的进一步提升。究其原因,经济条件、区位优势、政策因素、消费"惯习"是造成三大区域生活质量差异的主要因素,这一研究为后续的集中居住政策调整或优化提供了必要的依据。为进一步完善农民集中居住政策,要秉持以人为中心的发展策略,着力提升农民集中居住政策效果,重点提升苏北地区失地农民福利水平,破解区域发展不均衡、不充分难题;同时要全面提升集中居住区的居住品质,提高失地农民的文明素养和城市适应能力,从而加快人的城镇化与城乡一体化进程。

Better life is the common expectation and pursuit of high quality life of the whole society at present.Centralized living provides an opportunity for farmers to share a better life.Better life is related to people's living standard and represents a high quality life style.Actually,pursuing a better life is essentially to pursue and improve the quality of life.In order to intuitively understand the overall situation of the quality of life of residents in concentrated residences,and to examine the effect of the current policy of concentrated residences,this paper conducts an empirical study on Jiangsu farmers' concentrated residences.The results show that the overall employment rate of residents in centralized residences is higher with diversified income sources,the living conditions of residents are better with higher coverage rate of pension and medical care.However,there are significant differences in the quality of life of residents in different concentrated residences.Those in southern and central Jiangsu has reached a high level while those in northern Jiangsu has still some problems,such as low employment stability rate,low social security satisfaction,weak psychological adaptation and adjustment ability,which restrict the further improvement of the quality of life.The main reasons are economic conditions,location advantages,policy factors and consumption habits.This study provides the necessary basis for the subsequent adjustment or optimization of the centralized housing policy.In order to further improve the policy of farmers' centralized residence,we should adhere to the strategy of people-centered development,strive to improve the effect of the policy of farmers' centralized residence,focus on improving the welfare level of landless peasants in northern Jiangsu,and solve the problem of unbalanced regional development;at the same time,it is necessary to comprehensively improve the living quality of concentrated residential areas to promote the civilization quality and urban adaptability of land-lost farmers,so as to accelerate the process of human urbanization and urban-rural integration.