弱竞争性选举、权力结构固化与村治失效——以W村村委会换届选举为例

Weak-competition Elections,the Solidification of Power Structure and the Failure of Village Governance: Taking the Election of W Village as an Example

村委会选举不仅是基层民主的一种尝试,更是基层治理形式的创新,希冀通过选出的能人、贤人带领村民致富,解决基层组织治理低效问题。但实际上,由于乡镇政府政治意图的强介入以及精英流失,一些村庄的选举出现弱竞争,班子成员更换率低且老龄化严重,村庄权力结构固化,最终导致治理结构和治理能力弱化。一些村庄各项事业都陷入停滞不前状态,村民满意度较低。本文通过对W村村委会换届选举的观察和实地调查验证了这些判断,也有针对性地提出了解决的思路。

Village committee election is not only an attempt of grass-root democracy but also an innovation of the form of grass-root governance.Hopefully,governing efficiency can be improved by democratically electing capable leaders to help villagers become welloff.However,due to the strong intervention of the township government’s political intentions and the loss of rural elites,elections are characterized by weak competition.At the same time,low turnover rate and serious aging lead to solidification of village power structure and finally weaken the governing structure and capability.The development of village comes to a standstill,making villagers less satisfied.Through the observation and field investigation of the election of village committee in W Village,we verify these presumptions and put forward corresponding solutions.