资源非对称性依赖下的社区良治何以可能

How to Achieve Good Governance of Community under the Asymmetric Resource Dependence

社区治理中政府与社会组织存在互动关系,可从资源依赖理论出发,分析二者间的资源依赖关系及其互动过程。在静态视角下,二者之间是一种非对称性的资源依赖关系。但在动态视角下,这种非对称性的依赖程度呈现出减弱的趋势。一方面,社会组织被逐渐纳入社区治理体系之中,加深了政社间的密切互动;不同政府部门间利益诉求的差异为社会组织创造了更大的谈判空间;政府部门期望建立长期合作关系的偏好等因素,使得政府对社会组织的资源依赖渐强。另一方面,由于社会组织主动拓展发展空间,多元整合经济资源和合法性资源的相对稳定,使得社会组织对政府的资源依赖渐弱。因此,在资源非对称依赖情况下,构建相对平衡的政社合作关系,进而实现社区良治是一条现实可行的路径。

This paper focuses on the interaction between government and nonprofit organizations within the community governance,and explores the relationship of the resource dependence between governments and nonprofit organizations based on the resource dependence theory.From the static perspective,the relationship between government and nonprofit organizations is an asymmetric resource dependency.But from the dynamic perspective,the level of such asymmetric resource dependency indicates a weakening trend.On the one hand,the nonprofit organizations are gradually incorporated into community governance system,and thus result in a closer interaction with the government;the differences among the interests of different government departments create greater room for the negotiation of nonprofit organizations;the government's preference of the establishment of a long-term cooperation makes it more dependent on nonprofit organizations.On the other hand,the nonprofit organizations show a decreasing dependence on government resource owing to its initiative expansion on the development space and diversified economic resources,as well as the relative stabilization of legitimate resources.So,it is feasible to construct a relatively balanced partnership between the government and nonprofit organizations under the situation of asymmetric resource dependence,which could further achieve good governance of the community.