讲述未发生的事件——杰拉德·普林斯“否叙述”理论发微

Telling Unactualized Events: Exploring Gerald Prince’s Theory of “Disnarration”

“否叙述”讲述故事世界中的未发生事件,其在推进故事情节发展进程中起到了反作用,但“否叙述”通过讲述未发生事件,构成一种对故事情节作特殊处理的叙述行为和叙述策略。自被提出以来,“否叙述”理论引发了不少辨析和争论,且出现了将其与“解叙述”、“不可述”等理论概念相混淆的现象。鉴于此,有必要从学理意义上厘清“否叙述”这一理论概念,以及它与其他相关概念之间的纠缠和互动关系。本文聚焦“否叙述”理论,重点探讨以下三个方面的具体内容:(1)“否叙述”的定义以及它与“不可述”、“解叙述”等相关概念的区别;(2)“否叙述”作为一种叙述策略的修辞功能;(3)“否叙述”理论在叙事理论发展史上的影响。

"Disnarration"tells events that do not happen in the story worlds. Therefore,it produces a countereffect for narrative progression. Yet the application of disnarration in narratives can work as an important narrative act and strategy by influencing narrative progression in a special form. The concept of disnarration has generated some critical debates and controversies,and some critics even confuse this concept with "denarration"and "unnarration". Therefore,it is mecessary to clearly define "disnarration"and distinguish this term from other related ones. The present essay explores the theory of "disnarration"by( 1) defining the concept of"disnarration"and distinguishing it from"unnarration"and"denarration",( 2) identifying its functions in a narrative,and( 3) examining its influences in the historical development of the narrative theory.