黑奴、黑金与泛非节--卡里尔·菲利普斯《大西洋之声》中黑奴贸易幽灵的后殖民精神分析

Black Slaves,Black Gold and Panafest:A Postcolonial Psychoanalysis of the Ghost of Black Slave Trade in Caryl Phillips'The Atlantic Sound

英国利物浦和非洲加纳曾是跨大西洋奴隶贸易的两大港口城市,也是卡里尔·菲利普斯《大西洋之声》中旅行叙事的目的地。本文认为,《大西洋之声》中跨大西洋奴隶贸易这一原已写进教科书中的客观历史事实之所以会变形为幽灵,化为潜意识里袭扰利物浦人和加纳人的梦魇,源自他们对祖辈历史罪责的逃避和对当下物质欲求的抒发。物质欲求的抒发以逃避罪责为前提,引发欲求主体畏罪却不认罪的精神分裂。20世纪90年代末,利物浦人五月天里播放圣诞歌曲的癖好和加纳人“泛非节”空洞无物的商业炒作是菲利普斯笔下利物浦人集体忧郁症和加纳人“被卖者有罪,卖人者无辜”的无罪妄想症等后殖民精神疾病的外现。

Liverpool in Britain and Ghana in Africa used to be great sea ports of the transatlantic slave trade.They are destinations of Caryl Phillips'travel narrative,The Atlantic Sound.This essay argues that in The Atlantic Sound the history of the transatlantic slave trade has been suppressed and transformed into a ghost that subconsciously troubles Liverpudlians and Ghanaians due to their escape from the guilt committed by their forefathers in the past and their contemporary material demands.The expression of material demands is preconditioned by the escape from guilt.As a result,the subject suffers schizophrenia,the constant conflict between the fear of guilt and the refusal to plead guilty.