上海市金山区噪声作业人员高血压患病情况及影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among noise-exposed workers in Jinshan District of Shanghai

目的描述2016年上海市金山区噪声作业人员分布、高血压患病率情况及影响因素,为健康干预策略制定提供参考依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法,以2016年上海市金山区参加岗中职业健康检查的噪声作业人员为调查对象,收集职业健康检查个案数据、企业基本信息及噪声作业人员基本信息并建立数据库,采用构成比和χ~2检验等方法对数据进行分析。结果岗中职业健康检查的噪声作业人员合计9 117名,男性6 848人(75.1%),女性2 269人(24.9%)。高血压患病率为24.1%,其中单纯收缩期高血压患病率为28.0%,1级高血压患病率为55.0%,2级高血压患病率为15.0%,3级高血压患病率为3.0%。男性高血压患病率(26.3%)高于女性(17.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着年龄、接害工龄的增高高血压患病率增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小、中型企业高血压患病率明显高于大型企业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);集体经济类型高血压患病率明显高于其他经济类型(P<0.05),国有经济最小;不同行业高血压患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2016年上海市金山区噪声作业人员高血压患病率低于2013年上海市≥18岁居民高血压患病率水平,仍需重视噪声作业人员的健康管理和健康促进。

[Objective] To describe the distribution of n oise-exposed workers,prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors in Jinshan District of Shanghai,and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of health intervention strategies.[Methods]The noise-exposed workers who participated in occupational health examination in Jinshan District of Shanghai in 2016 were taken as the research object. The occupational health examination data,the basic information of enterprises,and the basic information of noise workers were collected to set up a database,and were analyzed by the composition ratio and χ^2 test.[Results]Totally 9 117 noise-exposed workers have participated in occupational health examination,including 6 848(75.1%)males and 2 269(24.9%) females. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.1%,of which the prevalence of simple systolic hypertension was 28.0%,the prevalence of grade 1 hypertension,grade 2 hypertension and grade 3 hypertension were 55.0%,15.0%and 3.0%,respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in males(26.3%) was higher than that in females(17.4%)(P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension increased with the increase of age and length of service(P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension in small and medium-sized enterprises was significantly higher than that in large enterprises(P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension in collective economy enterprises was higher than that in other economic type enterprises(P<0.05),and that in state-owned economy was the lowest. The difference in the prevalence of hypertension was not statistically significant among different industries(P>0.05).[Conclusion]The prevalence of hypertension among noise-exposed workers in Jinshan District of Shanghai in 2016 is lower than that among residents ≥18 years old. It is necessary to pay attention to health management and health promotion of noise-exposed workers.