首次急进高原对军人认知功能影响的计算机神经心理学测试研究

Impact of the first-time acute plateau experience on soldiers'cognitive function: a computer-based neuropsychological test

目的探讨首次急进髙原环境对军人认知功能的影响。方法对20名首次急进高原海拔4500m驻训战士(急进高原组)和20名驻地海拔200m的战士(低海拔驻地组)采用计算机神经心理学测试,测试包括语言记忆、视觉记忆、手指敲击、符号数字编码、Stroop测验、位移注意测试和连续性能测试7个部分,计算机基于正确响应、错误响应、响应次数和反应时间生成复合记忆、言语记忆、视觉记忆、精神运动速度、反应时间、复合注意、认知灵活性、处理速度、执行功能、简单注意、精细运动速度和整体神经认知指数等反映军人认知功能的标准分数,用于统计分析。结果与低海拔驻地组比较,急进高原组的所有神经认知领域评分均明显降低,其中整体神经认知指数、复合记忆、言语记忆、精神运动速度、反应时间、处理速度、执行功能差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且整体神经认知指数,反应时间、处理速度、执行功能与指氧饱和度呈正相关。结论急性高原低压低氧环境暴露引起的神经心理性能多个指标下降,与轻度创伤性脑损伤受损导致的认知领域功能影响相当。

Objectives To investigate the impact of the first time plateau experience on soldiersf cognitive function. Methods The computer neuropsychological tests were carried out on 20 soldiers who stationed and trained at 4500 m above the sea level for the first time (acute plateau group) and 20 soldiers who stationed at 200 m above the sea level (low-altitude group). The tests included language memory, visual memory, finger tapping, symbolic digital coding, Stroop test, displacement attention test and continuous performance test. Based on correct responses, error responses, the number of responses and reaction time, the computer generates indicators that reflect military cognitive functions and can be used for statistical analysis, such as complex memory, speech memory, visual memory, psychomotor speed, reaction tim e, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, executive function, simple attention, fine motor speed, and overall neurocognitive index. Results Compared with the low-altitude group, the scores of all neurocognitive fields in the acute plateau group were significantly reduced, and the overall neurocognitive index, complex memory, speech memory, psychomotor speed, reaction time, processing speed, and executive function were statistically different (P <0.05 ). The overall neurocognitive index, reaction time, processing speed, executive function and positive oxygen saturation were positively correlated. Conclusions The exposure to acute highaltitude hypobaric hypoxia can lower a few aspects of neuropsychological performance, which is equivalent to the impaired cognitive function caused by mild brain injury.