不同蛹虫草杂粮培养基的生产性能及滋味物质分析

Analysis of Production Performance and Taste Swbstances of Different Multigrain Culture Medium for Cordyceps militaris

为提高蛹虫草产量和培养基开发利用效率,配制了10组蛹虫草粗杂粮培养基,比较其培养蛹虫草的子实体生长速度、生产性能及培养基所制杂粮粥的感官评价,从中选出3组综合性状优异的培养基配方,并进一步分析子实体活性物质含量、培养基氨基酸及滋味物质组成。结果表明:筛选出的3组培养基配方分别为燕麦培养基(燕麦仁25 g)、复合培养基6(燕麦仁5 g+糙米5 g+黄豆5 g+莲子10 g)和糙米培养基(糙米25 g),其中燕麦培养基和复合培养基6所培养的蛹虫草子实体生长速度快,生产性能高,所制蛹虫草杂粮粥感官评价较好;糙米培养基所制杂粮粥感官评价最高。三组培养基含量最多的两种氨基酸分别为脯氨酸、谷氨酸;味道强度值(TAV)最大的均为谷氨酸,达33.65~46.95。培养基有机酸总量最高为燕麦培养基,最低为糙米培养基;燕麦培养基苹果酸、琥珀酸TAV值分别为12.49和19.65,糙米培养基酒石酸TAV值为7.27,培养基6琥珀酸TAV值为30.09,以上对呈味有较大贡献。上述结果表明:用适宜配方的杂粮培养基培养蛹虫草,使子实体产量高,蛹虫草杂粮粥滋味较好,为提高培养基开发利用水平提供了理论依据。

To increase Cordyceps militaris yield and utilization efficiency of culture medium,10 groups of multigrain culture medium for Cordyceps militaris were made up,the growth rates and productivity of fruit bodies,and sensory evaluation of coarser grains porridge made of culture medium were compared. Then,3 superior multigrain culture medium were selected out for further analyzing their active substance content of fruit bodies,and the amino acids and flavor composition of culture medium. Results showed that the selected three groups were oats medium(oats 25 g),complex medium 6(oats 5 g+brown rice 5 g+soybean 5 g+lotus seed 10 g)and brown rice medium(brown rice 25 g). Among them,the Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies cultured by oat medium and complex medium 6 showed fast growth rate and high production performance,and their sensory evaluation of coarser grains porridge were better. The sensory evaluation of multigrain porridge made of brown rice medium was the highest. The two amino acids with the highest content in the three groups were Pro and Glu. The maximum TAV was glutamate(33.65~46.95). The medium with the highest organic acid content was oat medium and the lowest was brown rice medium. The TAV value of malic acid and succinic acid in oats medium were 12.49 and 19.65,respectively. The TAV value of tartaric acid in brown rice medium was 7.27,and which of succinic acid inmedium 6 was 30.09,those made great contribution in tastes. Results showed that the culture of cordyceps militaris with suitable multigrain medium provided high fruiting body yield,and better taste of Cordyceps militaris multigrain porridge,which provided a theoretical basis for improving the exploitation and utilization level of the medium.