代际支持及人口学特征对社区老年人老化态度的影响

Impact of intergenerational support and sociodemographic characteristics on attitudes toward aging in the urban community-dwelling elderly

目的探究代际支持和人口学特征对社区老年人老化态度的影响。方法采用老化态度量表、代际支持量表对西安市810名社区老年人进行调查。结果社区老年人老化态度的心理社会丧失、应对身体变化、心理获得3个维度得分依次为21.39±5.55、26.07±5.04、28.32±4.46;不同婚姻状况、健康自评和生活自理能力者老化态度3个维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、户籍所在地、受教育程度、生活自理能力、患慢性病和给予子代生活照料是心理社会丧失的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01);婚姻、子女健康状况、健康自评、患慢性病、情感支持、给予孙代生活照料以及接受子代生活照料是心理获得感的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。年龄、婚姻状况、健康自评、患慢性病、情感支持、给予子代和孙代生活照料是应对身体变化的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论社区老年人老化态度较积极;代际支持和人口学特征对社区老年人老化态度影响侧重点各有不同,应通过构建和谐健康的代际关系和加强个体特征导向的心理辅导,促进老年人老化态度进一步向积极方向发展。

Objective To explore the impact of intergenerational support and sociodemographic characteristics on attitudes toward aging in urban community-dwelling elderly population. Methods A total of 810 community-dwelling elderly people in Xi′an were investigated by using the Aging Attitude Questionnaire(AAQ) and Intergenerational Support Scale. Results Dimension scores of psychosocial loss, coping with body changes with aging, and psychological acquisition in the AAQ were 21.39±5.55, 26.07±5.04, and 28.32±4.46, respectively, showing significant differences in the elderly with different marriage status, self-rated health and activities of daily living (ADL) level ( P <0.01 for all). Age, residence, education, ADL level, chronic disease and caring for offspring were influencing factors of psychosocial loss ( P <0.05, P < 0.01 ). Marriage, offspring′s health status, self-rated health, chronic disease, intergenerational emotional support, grandchild care, and receiving support from offspring were predictive factors of psychological acquisition ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Age, marriage, self-rated health, chronic disease, intergenerational emotional support, caring for offspring and grandchild were factors affecting coping with body changes with aging ( P <0.05, P < 0.01 ). Conclusion The urban community-dwelling elderly have positive attitudes toward aging, and intergenerational support and sociodemographic characteristics show different influences on dimensions of aging attitude. It is necessary to establish a harmonious and healthy intergenerational relationship, and provide individualized psychological counseling, thus to help the elderly to develop more positive attitudes toward aging.