纤维素生物质厌氧消化的生物预处理研究进展

Progress on Biological Pretreatment for Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulose Biomass

纤维素生物质由于组成和结构的复杂性,纤维素燃料工艺中需通过预处理技术去除木质素,破坏交织结构。相对于物理法和化学法,生物法具有节能、成本少、污染少的优点,近年来受到了国内外研究的关注。目前纤维素生物质厌氧消化单独的生物预处理比较研究未见报道,文章综述了提取酶、单一微生物、菌群对厌氧消化产甲烷的影响,得出:提取酶预处理成本高,沼气或甲烷提高率是4%~110%;单一微生物预处理效果真菌优于细菌,沼气或甲烷提高率为10%~300%;细菌预处理研究主要集中于人工菌群,人工菌群预处理后沼气或甲烷提高率达10%~200%。该研究为纤维素生物质厌氧消化的高效性和环境友好性研究和应用提供参考。

Due to component and structural complexity of cellulose biomass,pretreatment technology is needed to remove lignin and break biomass structure before anaerobic digestion. Comparing with physical and chemical pretreatment,biological pretreatment have advantages of energy-saving,low cost and environmental friendliness. Thus,researchers paid more and more attentions to the biological pretreatment recently. In this paper,the effects of extracted enzyme,single-microorganism,and microbial community on cellulose digestion were reviewed. It was found that,the enzyme pretreatment method could increase biogas or methane production rate by 4%~110%,but the cost was high. For the single microorganism pretreatment method,fungi were better than bacteria,and biogas production rate could increase10%~300%. The bacteria pretreatment method was focused on artificial microbial flora,increase rate of biogas or methane could reach 10%~200%.