边境地区人口过疏化问题研究——以延边朝鲜族自治州为例

A Study of Sparse Population in Border Areas of Yanbian Prefecture

为了解边境地区人口过疏化的现状和特征,本文对延边朝鲜族自治州18个边境村开展实地调查和分析,结果表明边境地区人口流失严重,老龄化问题突出;区域内收入水平低,贫困人口多;产业结构单一,返乡人员少;房屋空置率较高,空心化严重;基础设施不完备,公共服务层次低。边境地区人口流失会影响国家的边防巩固和国防安全,影响边境地区的社会稳定和经济发展,影响民族文化保护传承和发展,影响基层组织建设和执政基础。因此,建议对边境地区加大政策支持力度,促进边境地区加快发展,加强基础设施建设,改善边民生产生活条件;大力发展特色产业,促进边民就业增收;加大帮扶支持力度,提升公共服务水平;强化社会综合管控,维护边境地区的稳定;创新优化整体布局,彻底改变被动局面。

In order to understand the current situation and characteristics of the sparsely populated areas in the border area, this paper conducted a field survey and analysis of 18 border villages in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. The results show that the population loss is serious and the problem of aging is prominent. The income level of the population in the region is low and there are many poor people. The in dustrial structure is single and there are few returnees. The vacancy rate of houses is high and the problem of hollowing out is serious. The infrastructure is incomplete and the level of public services is low. The seri ous consequences brought about by the sparse population include the following aspects: affecting border de fense and national defense security;affecting social stability and economic development in border areas;af fecting the inheritance and development of national cultural protection;and influencing the construction of grassroots organizations and the basis of governance. Therefore, we propose to increase policy support for border areas, accelerate the development of border areas, strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the production and living conditions of border residents, vigorously develop characteristic industries, and in crease employment for border residents;increase support and improve public services level;strengthen so cial comprehensive management and control, maintain stability in the border areas;innovation and optimize the overall layout.