花生品系对白绢病的抗性评价及产量损失研究

Resistance evaluation and yield loss of peanut lines to peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

选取中国农业科学院油料作物研究所培育的10个花生新品系,通过自然发病和人工接种两种方法进行了白绢病抗性鉴定和产量损失研究。结果表明,在自然发病条件下,10个新品系由白绢病造成的枯萎率为11. 0%~50. 0%,其中7个品系白绢病枯萎率低于30. 0%;白绢病枯萎率与花生荚果产量呈显著负相关(r=-0. 73,P <0. 05)。在田间人工接种条件下,接种2周后,10个品系导致的植株枯萎率为66. 1%~94. 0%,收获前的白绢病枯萎率为66. 1%~97. 4%,均为感病品系;白绢病导致的植株枯萎率与花生荚果产量的相关系数为-0. 85(P <0.05)。产量损失试验表明,在人工接种条件下,所有品系产量损失均超过91. 7%,严重者几乎绝产。综合田间自然发病和人工接种鉴定,获得一份耐病品系16-A13440。

Ten peanut lines developed by Oil Crops Research Institute(CAAS,Wuhan,China) were evaluated for resistance and yield loss to peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under natural disease condition and by artificial inoculation.Results indicated that the wilting rates of these lines ranged from 11.0% to 50.0% under natural disease condition and 7 lines had the wilting rates lower than 30.0%.Peanut yield and wilting rate were significantly negative correlated(r =-0.73,P < 0.05).The wilting rates of these lines(from 66.1% to94.0%),at two weeks post inoculation in the artificial inoculation experiment,were lower than those(from 66.1%to 97.4%) before harvest,all these lines were susceptible to infection by S.rolfsii.The peanut yield was negatively related with wilting rate by artificial inoculation with the correlation coefficient of-0.85(P < 0.05).The peanut yield loss was higher than 91.7% for all these lines after artificial inoculation.One tolerant line 16-A13440 was identified.