上海市某区交通警察职业应激发生情况及其影响因素分析

Evaluating the level of occupational stress and its influence factors among traffic police in a district in Shanghai

目的了解上海市某区交通警察职业应激发生情况及其影响因素。方法于2018年7至12月,以上海市某区728名交通警察为调查对象,应用《职业健康状况调查问卷》,调查其工作要求-自主(JDC)和付出-回报失衡(ERI)模式职业应激情况,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果上海市某区交通警察JDC和ERI模式高职业应激检出率分别为74.6%(543/728)和51.5%(375/728)。该区交通警察的JDC模式高职业应激发生的影响因素为学历、婚姻状况、平均周工作时间(χ2=16.82、10.04、18.71,P<0.05);ERI模式高职业应激发生的影响因素为性别、年龄、婚姻状况、实际月收入水平、学历、目前岗位时间、平均周工作时间以及轮班工作制(χ2=7.02、26.18、6.73、50.42、4.75、26.61、112.98、6.19,P<0.05)。该区交通警察JDC模式多因素分析结果显示,已婚者高职业应激发生风险是未婚者的2.81倍(95%CI:1.45~5.41);高学历者高职业应激发生风险是低学历者的1.92倍(95%CI:1.34~2.73);平均周工作时间41~50h、≥51h者高职业应激发生风险分别是≤40h者的2.53倍(95%CI:1.40~4.58)、3.12倍(95%CI:1.73~5.63);交通警察ERI模式多因素分析结果显示,实际月收入9000~10999元、≥11000元者高职业应激发生风险分别是≤6999元者的0.33倍(95%CI:0.18~0.60)、0.22倍(95%CI:0.11~0.43);目前岗位工作15~<20年、≥20年者高职业应激发生风险分别是0.5~<5年者的2.19倍(95%CI:1.23~3.91)、1.91倍(95%CI:1.17~3.11);平均周工作时间41~50h、≥51h者高职业应激发生风险分别是≤40h者的4.78倍(95%CI:2.05~11.19)、18.36倍(95%CI:7.86~42.86)。结论该区交通警察JDC和ERI模式高职业应激检出率较高,主要影响因素包括学历、婚姻状况、实际月收入水平、目前岗位时间和平均周工作时间。

Objective To investigate the high occupational stress and its influencing factors in traffic police in Shanghai. Methods 728 traffic police were selected as the study subjects, and the《Occupational Health Questionnaire》was used to investigate and evaluate their job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance model (ERI) occupational stress situation respectively. The related influencing factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of high occupational stress in JDC and ERI models were 74.6%(543/728) and 51.5%(375/728). The influencing factors of JDC were education, marriage, average weekly hours (χ2=16.82, 10.04, 18.71, P<0.05), and The influencing factors of ERI were gender, age, marriage, real monthly income level, education, work experience, and average weekly hours (χ2=7.02, 26.18, 6.73, 50.42, 4.75, 26.61, 112.98, 6.19, P<0.05). The JDC multivariate logistic analysis indicated that the risk of occupational stress of married police was 2.81 times as high as that of Unmarried ones. The risk of occupational stress of traffic police with more education was 1.92 times as high as that of low eduacation, average weekly working 41-50 hours and≥51 hours was 2.53, 3.12 times as high as that of ones with average working 40 hours, respectivly. Meanwhile, the ERI multivariate logistic analysis indicated that high income level is the protective factor of occupational stress. The traffic police with 15-<20 working years were more likely to occur higher occupational stress. The traffic police with the more average weekly hours had greater possibility of higher occupational stress. Conclusion The main influencing factors of JDC and ERI are marriage, real monthly income level, education, work experience, and average weekly hours.