苏区时期中共乡村基层政权建设方法探析——以赣东北根据地为中心

Analysis on the Construction Method of the Communist Party of China Rural Grassroots Political Power in the Soviet Period——the Northeast Jiangxi Base Area as the Center

乡村基层政权建设是整个政权体系建设中最基础的一环,它直接关系到政权体系运行的效率。赣东北根据地在方志敏等人的领导下,根据中央指示精神,结合根据地的实际情况,逐步形成了一套具有成效的乡村基层政权建设方法。这些方法主要有选举、改选、反官僚腐化、肃反、群众参与等。它们不可避免地带有较大的局限性,突出表现了当时的"左"倾化特质,尤其是大清洗、肃反过重地挫伤了基层政权的稳定结构。乡村基层政权建设的效果受革命政策、革命形势、方法的有效性等多重因素影响,呈现出不断变化的趋势,但总体上体现了时代的进步和共产党对乡村基层政权问题的深层思考。这一时期中共对乡村基层政权建设的探索具有重要意义,其经验教训也为当今的基层政权建设提供了历史借鉴。

The construction of rural grassroots political power was the most fundamental link in the construction of the whole political power system,which was directly related to the efficiency of the operation of the political power system.Under the leadership of Fang Zhimin and in accordance with the spirit of the central government and the actual situation of the base area,the Northeast Jiangxi Base Area had gradually explored a set of effective methods for the construction of rural grassroots political power.These methods mainly included election,reelection,anti-bureaucratic corruption,purging the counter-revolutionary,mass participation and so on.They inevitably had great limitations,highlighting the characteristics of the left at that time,especially the large-scale purging excessively hurting the stable structure of the grassroots political power.The effect of the construction of rural grassroots political power was affected by multiple factors,such as revolutionary policies,revolutionary situation,and the effectiveness of methods,showing a changing trend.However,it generally reflected the progress of the times and the deep thinking of the Communist Party on the rural grassroots political power.During the period,the communist party’s exploration of the construction of rural grassroots political power was of great positive significance,and its experience and lessons could also provide historical reference for the construction of today’s grassroots political power.