油茶树基部不同覆盖处理对油茶果实功能性状的影响

Effects of Different Base Mulching Treatments on the Functional Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Fruit

为提高油茶果实产量,采用裂区设计,以5年生的“湘林系列”优良无性油茶品种为试验材料探讨了不同栽培措施对油茶果实鲜重、地径、出仁率等功能性状的影响。结果表明:离树距离及离树距离和栽培处理的交互作用对果实功能性状影响不显著,而不同覆盖处理对果高、果形指数和出仁率影响显著;与对照样地相比,除草+松土显著提高果高1.32倍;除草+松土处理的果形指数分别比木屑处理、白膜处理、除草措施、遮阳网+白膜和对照样地高;遮阳网处理下果形指数分别比白膜、除草、木屑、遮阳网+白膜覆盖处理和对照样地的果形指数高。与对照样地相比,除草+松土处理和遮阳网+白膜处理下的油茶果实出仁率降低。说明不同覆盖处理对油茶果实产量的影响不依赖于离树距离,松土+除草处理要根据不同经营目的来选择使用。

To increase the yield of Camellia oleifera fruit, the effects of different cultivation measures on fresh weight, ground diameter and kernel percent of Camellia oleifera fruit were studied by using 5-year-old “Xianglin Series” clonal camellia varieties. The results showed that the distance from tree, and the interaction of distance from tree and cultivation treatment had no significant effect on fruit functional traits, but different mulching treatments had significant effect on fruit height, fruit shape index and kernel percent;compared with the control plot, weeding and loosening soil significantly increased fruit height by 1.32 times. The fruit shape index of weeding and loosening soil treatment was higher than that of sawdust treatment, white film treatment, weeding measures, shading net with white film and control plots, respectively. The fruit shape index of shading net treatment was higher than that of white film, weeding, sawdust, shading net with white film mulching treatment and control plots, respectively. Compared with the control plot, the kernel percent age of Camellia oleifera fruits with the treatments of weeding and loosening soil, and shading net and white film mulching decreased. The results showed that the effect of different mulching treatments on the yield of Camellia oleifera fruit did not depend on the distance from the tree. Loosening and weeding treatments should be selected according to different management purposes.