驾驶人车辆换道行为模型的建立与分析

Modeling and analysis of the drivers’ lane change behavior

为寻求不同风格组合驾驶人在车辆换道过程中危险感知的差异性及其产生原因,建立了不同风格组合驾驶人车辆换道过程中的换道行为模型,并进行了数值分析。借鉴污染环境中生物种群生存的基本模型,建立了不同交通情境下驾驶人车辆换道危险感知模型,并对被试人进行了驾驶风格分类和提取行车记录仪视频。分析结果表明:驾驶人车辆换道危险感知能力与目标车的后随车驾驶风格密切相关,不同驾驶风格组合的危险感知水平存在明显的差异,“协作型”较“竞争型”组合驾驶人具有更高危险感知水平;同一风格驾驶人车辆换道危险感知临界值与不同交通场景危险汇入速率呈负相关,与驾驶人危险识别率和及时规避危险反应率呈正相关;同一交通场景下,不同风格组合驾驶人换道选择存在着危险感知阈值。将驾驶人危险感知水平控制在阈值范围内,车辆换道时安全性较高;否则,谨慎选择换道或维持原行驶状态。

To explore combination drivers’ differences of hazard perception for the different driving styles of the different drivers in the lane change process, a model was established to analyze the different driving styles and the drivers’ behavior in the lane change process, and numerical analysis was carried out. The lane change process model based on the drivers’ hazard perception was constructed by the basic model of biological population survival under polluted environment, and the drivers were classified into driving styles and extracts their car log video. The analysis results showed that drivers’ hazard perception ability of changing lanes was closely related to the after-target-lane-vehicle’s driving style. There were obvious differences in the hazard perception level of different driving styles, the hazard perception level of “cooperative” lane change is higher than that of “competitive”. The drivers’ hazard perception threshold limit value in the lane change process was negatively affected by the input rate of different traffic situation dangers and positively affected by drivers’ hazard detection ratios and hazard reaction ratios. Under the same traffic situation, different style combination driver whether changing lanes have a hazard perception threshold value, when the driver’s hazard perception level was controlled within the threshold value range, the vehicle change lane was more secure, otherwise be careful to choose lane change or maintain the original driving state.