亚里士多德“实践智慧”的幸福张力

The Happiness Tension of Aristotle’s “Phronesis”

关于亚里士多德的德性幸福论,存在着两种幸福观的差异,甚至将这种差异扩大到综合论与理智论之间持续不断的理论论争,往往纠结于哪种幸福更重要和根本。这种论争对亚里士多德幸福观的细致分析具有一定的理论意义,但由于缺少思想史的考察和整体的判断,并不能凸显出亚里士多德幸福观独特的理论价值和实践意义。如果将亚里士多德的幸福伦理置于古希腊理性主义德性伦理的理论背景中考察,又能够放在西方伦理思想的历史演变中,对现代规范伦理的理论反思中凸显复兴德性伦理的幸福意蕴,会更加全面地揭示出亚里士多德幸福观的根本特点,体现出他所特有的“实践智慧”的幸福张力。

There are differences between the inclusive notion and the intellectual notion in Aristotle's theory of virtue on happiness. However, even these differences are extended to the continuous theoretical debate between them, being often entangled in which kind of happiness is more important and fundamental. This dispute has certain theoretical significance for the detailed analysis of Aristotle's view of happiness, but it cannot highlight the unique theoretical value and practical significance in it due to the lack of investigation in the history of western thoughts and their whole judgment. If Aristotle's happiness ethics was to be studied with the virtue ethics of rationalism in ancient Greek, and discussed in the historical evolution of the western thoughts, the theory reflection on the modern normative ethics would highlight the happiness of rehabilitation virtue ethics, thus reveal the underlying characteristics of Aristotle's view of happiness and reflect the happiness tension of his peculiar "phronesis".