构建汉语语篇学的基础和原则

On the Foundation and Principles of Constructing Chinese Discourse

“语篇”作为语言学的一个特定概念源于印欧语,是建立在有丰富形态变化的屈折语基础之上的。而单向、单维、定向线性的屈折意识,天然地控制着人们在言语表达时追求与语句变化统一性的努力,其推进言语表述上的逻辑顺序为内在抽象语义与外在形式结构关联并置,从而造成逻辑严谨、确认性强等特点。而汉语则以形音义为一体的立体多维结构,从而形成汉语社群的人们在言语表达时注重整体和谐,语篇的题旨情趣与客观规律要一致,而外在的言语表达则应与题旨情境相协调,国人的这种空间思维逻辑具有多维、多向、形象与抽象相结合的思维特征,诱导出以“心”为轴的聚敛表征,完全异于西语的必须凭借外在形式来完成内在语义连贯,一切都围绕题旨来转。汉语语篇学必须立足于异质语言观来展开,考察汉语语篇研究的历史渊源,摸索构建现代汉语语篇语言学的途径。

"语篇"as a specific concept of linguistics, was translated from English "text" and "discourse" in the 1980 s. The Indo-European discourse study is based on the inflectional language with rich morphological changes. However, the one-way, one-dimensional and directional linear flex consciousness naturally controls people’s efforts to pursue unity with sentence changes in speech expression. Its logical sequence in promoting speech expression is the juxtaposition of internal abstract semantics and external formal structure, thus causing the characteristics of rigorous logic and strong confirmation. Chinese has a three-dimensional and multi-dimensional structure integrating form, sound and meaning, therefore people in the Chinese community focus on overall harmony in speech expression. The theme and interest of the discourse should be consistent with the objective law, while the external verbal expression should be in harmony with the context of the topic. This spatial thinking logic of Chinese has the thinking characteristics of multidimensional, multi-directional, combination of image and abstract, which induces a convergence and representation with "heart" as the axis, completely different from the Western languages that internal semantic coherence is done by virtue of the external form, with everything revolving around the theme. Constructing Chinese Discourse must be based on the view of heterogeneous language, investigate the historical origin of Chinese text research, and explore the way to construct modern Chinese text linguistics.