《战国纵横家书》之苏秦与墨家说服性推理方法之比较

Comparison between Su Qin’s Thinking in Describing Zong Hen Clique during the Warring States and Mohist Method of Persuasion Reasoning

《战国纵横家书》之中有关苏秦与燕王、齐王的书信内容,分析其说服性推理方法包括:类比法、对比法、多难论法、层次分析引导法及主体转换演绎法;墨家说服性推理方法主要为推类法,包括:辟、援、推及双向式、归谬法等方法,比较两者推理方法,可见苏秦的许多方法是在墨家方法的基础上作进一步的转化。苏秦求新求变,并不以古者圣王之事迹为根据,不采墨家的“本之者”。在因果关系上,苏秦常用假设性因果关系来推测未来事态发展的可能性,而不像墨家寻索事态发展中的必要条件与充要条件。这些考察将有助于我们更深入了解纵横家苏秦在思想史上的地位。

There are many contents of letter about Su Qin, King Yan and King Qi in Describing Zong Heng Clique during the Warring States. We analyze the persuasive reasoning methods of Su Qin, it including: analogy, contrast, multi-difficulty(Embarrassments) method, level analysis direction and subject transfer deduction;Mohist method of persuasion reasoning is mainly analogy method, including: analogy(辟 pi), hypothetical inference(援 yuan), extending(推 tui), dilemma, and the reduction ad absurdum argument. Comparing the two methods of reasoning, it can be seen that many methods of Su Qin are further transformed on the basis of the Mohist method. Su Qin seeks new changes, and does not rely on the deeds of the ancient saints (the Foundation). In causality, Su Qin often uses hypothetical causality to speculate on the possibility of future developments, rather than the necessary conditions and necessary and sufficient conditions in the development of the Mohist. These inquiries will help us to better understand the position of the Zong Hen Clique (Su Qin) in the history of thought.