政策工具视角下“双一流”政策工具选择研究——基于政策工具和建设要素双维度的分析

Research on the Choice of Double First-Class Initiative Policy Tools from the Perspective of Policy Tools: Based on the Analysis of Policy Tools and Construction Elements

为了实现“双一流”建设政策从文本到实际效果的高效转化,选择合适的政策工具或手段,优化政策工具的组合和搭配结构显得至关重要。基于政策工具视角,采用内容分析和文献计量方法,以中央层面颁布的“双一流”政策文本为分析对象,从政策工具和建设要素维度构建了“双一流”政策工具二维分析框架。发现“双一流”政策工具有以下特点:政策工具呈现全面性和多样性,但工具间缺乏科学组合;命令性工具使用过溢,忽视“双一流”建设的高校和学科差异;政策工具偏向长期能力建设,短期规划不足易导致“跃进式”建设;政策工具使用重点和稳定性发生变化,工具系统性程度不高。未来“双一流”政策制定可从优化政策工具的组合结构等方面入手,同时纳入更多政策文本进行政策解构分析,增强分析的全面性和科学性。

In order to achieve the highly effective conversion of the policy text into practice, it is important to select the appropriate tools or means and optimize the structure of these policy tools. Based on the perspective of policy tools, the study used content analysis and bibliometric methods to analyze the “double-first-class” policy texts promulgated at the central level, and constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of “double-first-class” policy tools from the perspective of policy tools and construction elements. The study found that the “double-first-class” policy tools have the following characteristics: policy tools are comprehensive and diverse, but lack of scientific combination between tools;there is excessive use of imperative tools and neglect of the differences between universities and disciplines of “double-first class” construction;policy tools favor long-term capacity building and short-term planning are likely to lead to “leap-forward” construction;the use of policy tools and stability have changed, and the system is not systematic. In the future, the “double first-class” policy making can start from optimizing the combination structure of policy tools, including more policy texts for policy structure analysis to enhance the comprehensive and scientific analysis.