奥斯曼帝国的国家治理模式探析

An Analysis of the State Governance Model of the Ottoman Empire

奥斯曼帝国的国家治理模式是以"素丹-哈里发"制度为根本、"蒂玛"制和"米勒特"制为依托、"核心-外围-边缘"三层治理结构为表现形式的"一国多制"。这样的制度设计是帝国强大繁荣的重要保障,也是融合东西方不同文明成果的直接结果。但制度虽多却无法有效制约素丹权力,帝国的治理模式本质上是"人治",君主个人能力的强弱对治理效果产生直接影响。帝国也建立在军事征服的基础之上,以武力立国和发展的帝国一旦战争失利或停止扩张,也就失去继续发展的动力。所以,"法治"以及和平崛起才是一个国家真正实现长久繁荣的根本动力。

The mode of state governance of the Ottoman Empire is based on thesystem of "Surdan-Caliphate","Timar" and "Millette",and the "one country,multiple system",which is manifested in the three-layer governance structure of "core,periphery and edge".Such institutional design is an important guarantee of the empire's great prosperity and a direct result of the integration of the different civilizations of the East and the West.However,although there are many systems,they can not effectively restrict the power of Su-dan.The governance mode of the empire is essentially "rule by man",and the individual ability of the monarch has a direct impact on the governance effect.The empire was founded on the basis of military conquest,and the empires established and developed by force lost or ceased to expand in the war,and then lost the impetus to continue to develop.The rule of law and the peaceful rise of a country are the fundamental driving forces for its long-term prosperity.