WTO规则下农业保险补贴的发展逻辑与策略

The Logic and Strategy of Developing Agricultural Insurance Subsidy under WTO Rules

自中央财政试点农业保险保费补贴以来,我国农业保险补贴已经跨越十年发展历程,推动农业保险取得了巨大的发展。在WTO框架下,世界各国已经广泛利用WTO规则鼓励和支持农业保险补贴在推动农业发展中发挥更大作用,但是我国却仍然对此缺乏足够重视,缺少对WTO农业支持规则标准的深入理解和对WTO最新通报动态的密切关注。一方面,我国仍存在所有的农业保险补贴都可按"绿箱"政策通报且不受WTO规则约束的传统误区,片面夸大农业保险补贴的效用;另一方面,在贸易保护主义日渐盛行的今天,以美国为代表的发达国家已经过度使用WTO规则发展农业保险补贴,以救济农业发展之名行贸易保护之实,而我国在WTO框架下对农业保险补贴的利用方面却明显不足。通过分析农业保险以及农业保险补贴在WTO规则下发展的逻辑,借鉴国际经验和教训,探求农业保险补贴运用的中国方案。

Since the central government began a pilot project to subsidize agricultural insurance premiums,China's agricultural insurance subsidy has gone through ten years,which has promoted agricultural insurance to obtain tremendous development.Under the framework of WTO,countries around the world have been encouraged and supported to implement agricultural insurance subsidies.However,at present,China lacks attention to the WTO standards supporting agricultural development and the latest WTO notification.On the one hand,domestic scholars still have traditional misunderstandings that all agricultural insurance subsidies are considered as "green box" policies and are not subject to WTO rules so that they exaggerate the effectiveness of agricultural insurance subsidies.On the other hand,with the rise of trade protectionism,the United States and other developed countries have made full use of WTO rules to implement trade protection policies in the name of saving agriculture,while developing countries such as China make insufficient use of agricultural insurance subsidies under the framework of WTO.This paper explores a Chinese solution of the application of agricultural insurance subsidies by analyzing the logic of the development of agricultural insurance and agricultural insurance subsidy under WTO rules and learning from international experience and lessons.