某电动汽车整车热负荷仿真模型的建立及分析

Establishment and Analysis of A Simulation Model for An Electric Vehicle’s Thermal Load

为合理匹配空调系统,提高电动汽车能源利用率,本文针对某6座的电动汽车,使用一维仿真软件建立该电动汽车的夏季温降工况下的热负荷仿真模型。将仿真模型计算后的乘客舱温度结果与实际实验乘客舱温度变化对比,发现误差在±2℃范围内,因此该模型可以较准确地拟合夏季温降的实际状况。电动汽车由于电池包安装在车底,车底传入乘客舱的热负荷增大至13.73%,但比重最大的是前窗玻璃传入的热负荷。本文通过对比分析发现,前窗玻璃的吸收比、透射比越低,安装倾角越大,前窗玻璃传入的热负荷越小。

In order to match the air conditioning system reasonably and improve the energy efficiency of the electric vehicle, this paper uses one-dimensional simulation software to establish a thermal load simulation model for a 6-seated electric vehicle under the condition of extremely high temperature in summer. After the calculation of the simulation model, the results for cabin temperature are in accordance with the actual experiment results and the error between them is only ± 2 ℃, so this simulation model can accurately show the actual status of the corresponding experiment. Since the battery pack is installed under the vehicle, the heat load from the bottom increases to 13.73%, but the largest heat load is from the front windshield. When the absorption rate and transmission rate of front windshield get lower and the installation gets larger, the thermal load can be reduced effectively.