活力东亚的1919:作为革命起点的“五四”与“三一”

Vigorous East Asia and 1919: “May Fourth” and “March First” as the Starting Point of Revolution

五四运动与三一运动如镜子般互相映照。从全球化历史中的“同时性”的视角出发,可重新定位两者在世界史上的意义。在关注“五四”与“三一”的同时性时,也应注重对两者的个别性进行比较,从“连动的东亚”视角重新审视这两个事件。随着纷纷被卷入世界体系,帝国日本、半殖民地中国、殖民地韩国这三者在世界体系的等级结构中处于各自不同的地位。关注分处不同地位却又相互作用的东亚的状况,是为了透视(半)殖民地现代的复杂性,从中找出超克现代的契机,也意味着同时进行“现代适应与现代超克”的“双重课题论”的有效性。这两个事件从20世纪20年代开始在社会历史的变化中被不断重新诠释,如何(再)记忆两者不只是历史问题,也是现实问题。现在正是需要探索重新解读两者方法的转折点。可以尝试将两者分别称为“五四革命”与“三一革命”来挑战这个课题。“五四”与“三一”中出现的民众集结样貌,为以革命来概括理解这两个事件的历史意义提供了根据。“五四”与“三一”虽然是两个国家国别史的一部分,但同时也与东亚区域史、全球史相互作用。

The relationship between the May Fourth Movement and the March First Movement is like a mirror, reflecting each other. From the perspective of “simultaneity” in the history of globalization, we can redefine their “significance in world history”. When we pay attention to the simultaneity of May Fourth Movement and March First Movement, we should also pay attention to the comparison of their individuality and re-examine the two events from the perspective of “linked East Asia”. With the involvement in the world system, imperial Japan, semi-colonial China and colonial Korea are at different global positions. At this time, we need to pay attention to the situation of East Asian countries which are located in different positions but interact with each other. This is in order to see through the complexity of modern (semi) colonies and find out the opportunity of morden Chao Ke, which means the usefulness of the “dual subject theory” of “modern adaptation and modern Chao Ke”. These two events have been reinterpreted in the social and historical changes since the 1920s. How to (re) remember them is not only a historical issue, but also a practical one. Now is the time to explore ways to reinterpret both. It can be an attempt to challenge this issue by calling them “May Forth Revolution” and “March First Revolution”. The state of mass gathering in the “May Forth” and the “March First” provides a basis for a general understanding of the historical significance of the term “revolution”. Although the “May Forth” and the “March First” are part of the history of their own countries, they are also part of the interaction with the regional and global history of East Asia.