溶瘤病毒及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用

Oncolytic virus and its application in cancer therapy

溶瘤病毒在肿瘤治疗中具有重要应用潜力。它能诱导机体抗肿瘤免疫反应,这是其产生疗效的重要基础之一。溶瘤病毒的安全性和靶向性在逐渐提高,但最终疗效尚不令人满意。溶瘤病毒未来的发展方向之一是与其他肿瘤疗法联合,尤其是与免疫疗法,如免疫检查点抑制剂、免疫调节细胞因子(集落刺激因子、白细胞介素、干扰素和趋化因子等)、共刺激分子、嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)和双特异性T细胞衔接蛋白(BiTE)等联合。降低机体抗病毒免疫是另一个重要方向。本文从溶瘤病毒概念、发展历程、种类、机制、安全性、靶向性,以及提高疗效策略等几方面分别进行阐述。

Oncolytic viruses play an important role in tumor therapy. Their safety and selectivity are gradually improving,but the ultimate efficacy is not satisfactory,which has become a key bottleneck limiting their development. Oncolytic viruses can induce antitumor immune response in the body,which is an important basis for their efficacy. One of the future directions for the therapeutic application of oncolytic viruses is its combination with other tumor therapies,especially with the immunotherapy,including the immuno-checkpoint inhibitors,immuno-regulatory cytokines(such as colony-stimulating factors,interleukins,interferons and chemokines),costimulatory molecules,CAR-T and bispecific T-cell engagers(BiTE). In addition,reducing the body′s antiviral immunity is another important direction. The concept,history,species,mechanism,safety and selectivity of oncolytic viruses as well as the therapeutic strategies for improving their efficacy are reviewed in this paper.