两种麻醉剂对刺参生长及免疫酶活性影响的研究

Effects of Menthol and Magnesium on Growth and Immune Indices of Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

为研究麻醉剂对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长及免疫的影响,选用两种麻醉剂(薄荷醇浓度为0.5%、1%,硫酸镁浓度为0.25mol/L、0.5mol/L)对刺参(体质量15.82±0.79g)麻醉后的特定生长率(SGR)和免疫酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)]活性进行了研究。试验结果显示:0.5mol/L硫酸镁麻醉组刺参复苏时间长,复苏后棘刺不舒展,附着力弱,活力较差,且生长缓慢;其它麻醉组刺参复苏快棘刺舒展自然,管足附着力强,活力好。1%薄荷醇麻醉组刺参SGR与对照组差异不显著,而0.5%薄荷醇和0.25mol/L硫酸镁麻醉组刺参SGR显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除0.5mol/L硫酸镁麻醉组刺参麻醉后免疫酶指标随复苏时间的延长逐渐下降外,其它麻醉组刺参免疫酶指标随复苏时间的延长呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,复苏至96h时各项免疫指标与对照组无显著差异。试验结果表明,一定剂量的麻醉剂(0.5%、1%薄荷醇和0.25mol/L硫酸镁)不会对刺参生长及免疫机能造成损伤,并可激活机体免疫系统,刺参各项免疫指标在96h内可恢复至正常水平。

Anesthetic is used in aquaculture to reduce the stress response of aquatic animals during the operative process. In this study, we tested the effects of menthol(at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%) and magnesium(at concentrations of 0.25 mol/L, 0.5 mol/L) on the growth and immune indices of sea cucumber(weight 15.82±0.79 g). The results showed that sea cucumber in the magnesium group at the concentration of 0.5 mol L-1 required longer time to recover, and showed a poorer activity, a curliness podia and a lower growth after recovery than menthol and magnesium at 0.25 mol/L. Meanwhile sea cucumber in other groups were all recovered well after anesthetic treatment. There was no significant difference in the specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumber between the menthol group at a concentration of 1% and the control. The specific growth rate of sea cucumber in the menthol group at a concentration of 0.5% and the magnesium group at a concentration of 0.25 mol L-1 were significantly higher than that in the control(P<0.05). The immune indices(acid phosphatase, ACP;alkaline phosphatase, AKP;superoxide dismutase, SOD;and catalase, CAT) of sea cucumber in the magnesium group at a concentration of 0.5 mol L-1 decreased in the recovery process. While in other groups, the immune indices of sea cucumber first decreased and then increased. After 96 hours, there was no significant difference in the immune indices among the groups(P>0.05). The results indicated that a certain dose of anesthetic(menthol at 0.5% and 1% and magnesium at 0.25 mol L-1 is not harmful to the growth and the immune function of sea cucumber. On the contrary, the anesthetic can activate the immune system and get the immune indices back to the normal within 96 h.