覆膜方式对不同穗型冬小麦品种的结实特性和粒位效应

Influence of Film Covering on Seed Setting Characteristics and Grain Position of Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Spike Types

采取全膜覆土穴播、全膜穴播2种覆膜种植方式,以露地穴播为对照,研究了不同覆盖模式对不同穗型冬小麦品种的结实特性和粒位效应的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖模式下冬小麦品种小穗位结实粒数、小穗重及不同粒位粒重均随着小穗位自基部至顶部呈先增后减的二次曲线变化;不同抗性冬小麦品种穗部籽粒的分部差异显著,主茎穗的结实特性及粒重均优于分蘖穗。2种穗型的冬小麦品种主茎穗与分蘖穗的籽粒结实数、小穗重与单粒重在不同小穗位间的分布都呈二次曲线变化,表现出籽粒发育的近中优势。在保证下部粒位粒重的前提下最大限度地发挥中下部粒位的粒重潜力,可以使小麦实现高产稳产。

The effects of different mulching modes on seed setting characteristics and grain position effects of winter wheat cultivars with different spike types were studied by using hole-sowed with whole field palstic-soil mulching mode and hole-sowed with whole mulching mode, outdoor hole-sowed as control. The results showed that under different mulching modes, the grain number per spikelet, spikelet weight and grain weight at different grain positions of winter wheat cultivars showed a quadratic curve of increase first and then decrease with spikelet position from base to top.and the spikelet parts of different resistant winter wheat varieties were significantly different, and the seed setting characteristics and grain weight of main stem spike were better than that of tiller spike. The grain setting number, spikelet weight and single grain weight of main stem panicle and tiller panicle of two spike-type winter wheat cultivars showed quadratic curve changes among different spikelet positions, showing near-medium advantage of grain development. Under the premise of guaranteeing the grain weight of the lower grain position, the potential of grain weight of the middle and lower grain position can achieve high and stable yield of wheat.