博杜恩·德·库尔特内(1870)创立应用语言学考论

On the Establishment of Applied Linguistics by Baudouin de Courtenay(1870)

本文通过对博杜恩关于应用语言学的论述的追溯和研究,提出如下观点:1870年12月17日和29日,博杜恩在彼得堡大学语言学课程的导论中阐述了应用语言学,讲稿《关于语言学和语言的若干原则性看法》刊于1871年;博杜恩不仅提出了“应用语言学”(与“纯粹语言学”相对)这一术语,而且所论内容包括语言技艺(教学技艺、建设技艺、研究技艺)、语言资料应用等;博杜恩提出的研究范围和当今学者基本一致,所谓“语言研究技艺”与机器应用语言学相对应。这一追溯有助于我们拓展国际视野,提高理论自觉。

This paper asks three questions: 1) When and where did Baudouin's argument on applied linguistics appear ? 2) What is the content of Baudouin’s idea? 3) How the research scope proposed by Baudouin is identical to or distinguished from the one proposed by contemporary researchers? By tracing the study history, we got the answers to the above inquiries as following. 1) Based on the applied linguistics lectures at the Introduction to Linguistics Course delivered at the University of Petersburg between December 17 and 29 in the year of 1870, his script titled as “Некоторые о бщие замечания о языковедении и язык”was published in 1871.2) Baudouin proposed not only the terminology of“applied linguistics”, but also argued its scope deals with language arts ( teaching arts, infrastructure arts, research arts), and linguistic data application. 3) The scope of research proposed by Baudouin is basically consistent with that of contemporary scholars. The so - called“language research arts”has a corresponding relationship with machine - applied linguistics. This retrospect helps to expand our international vision and enhance our theoretical consciousness.