潮土区耕地地力评价及空间差异性敏感因素分析——以温县为例

Evaluation of the Fertility of Cultivated Land and Analysis of Spatially Sensitive Factors in Fluvo Aquic Soil Area:A Case Study of WEN County

耕地地力评价是实现耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”保护工作的基础。为探究特定土壤类型耕地地力及影响空间差异性的敏感因素,以河南省温县为例,从地学条件、土壤性状、土壤管理和生物特性4个方面构建潮土区耕地地力评价指标体系,通过对各指标分级赋值、加权求和计算区域耕地地力,采用自然断点法进行等级划分,并引入贡献分值定量化分析影响耕地地力等级空间差异性的敏感因素。结果表明:温县耕地地力总体水平较高,具有明显的地域差异特征,以青峰岭为界,北部耕地地力较南部高,其中一等地和二等地较多,分别占总面积的32.22%和50.59%;影响温县地力等级空间差异性的敏感因素集中在土壤容重、土壤养分元素、有机质含量的自然条件和田间输水方式的人工条件指标中。结果与实际调查结果高度吻合,为合理配置温县耕地资源和调整种植业结构奠定了基础。评价模型和指标体系可以满足潮土区耕地地力评价及空间差异性敏感因素诊断,可为潮土区耕地质量提升作参考,为相关研究提供新的思路和方法。

The evaluation of the fertility of cultivated land is the basis for the realization of the“trinity” protection of cultivated land quantity,quality and ecology.In order to explore the soil fertility of specific soil types and the sensitive factors affecting spatial differences,this paper takes Wen County of Henan Province as an example to construct the evaluation index system of cultivated land fertility in the fluvo-aquic soil area from four aspects:geotechnical conditions,soil properties,soil management and biological characteristics.Through the hierarchical evaluation of each index,the fertility of the regional cultivated land was calculated by weighted summation,with the natural breakpoint method,the levels were classified,and with the introduction of quantitative analysis of the contribution scores the sensitive factors affecting the spatial difference in the fertility grades of cultivated land were analysed.The results indicated that the soil fertility in fluvo aquic soil area-Wen County,Henan Province,is generally high with obvious regional differentiation.Fringed by Qingfeng ridge,the fertility of the cultivated land in the northern part is higher than that of the culfivated land in the southern part. The first-class and the second-class occupy a large part,accounting for 32.22% and 50.59% of the total area respectively.It is found that the main factors that control the spatial differentiation in the land use levels in the cultivated land are the natural conditions of soil bulk density,soil nutrient elements,organic matter content and artificial conditions.The results are in good agreement with the actual survey results,which lays a foundation for the rational allocation of cultivated land resources in Wen County and adjustment of planting structure.The evaluation model and index system can satisfy the evaluation of cultivated land fertility in the fluvo-aquic soil area and the diagnosis of spatially sensitive factors. It can be used as a reference for the improvement of cultivated land quality in the fluvo-aquic soil area and provide new ideas and methods for related research.