采煤机割煤粉尘治理关键技术及装备研究与应用

Research and Application of Key Technology and Equipment for Dust Control in the Process of Coal Cutting

针对采煤机割煤过程中的粉尘污染问题,遵循“先抑、后控、再降”的治理思路,提出了利用高效抑尘喷雾快速湿润破碎煤体,再利用控尘喷雾控制含尘气流沿煤壁一侧运移,最后利用机载喷雾引射除尘器沉降粉尘的综合治理措施。采用实验室实验和现场试验相结合的方法,重点开展了支架顶部组合喷雾抑尘、采煤机喷雾控降尘、采煤机机载除尘等关键技术及装备的研究,并在高产尘强度综采工作面进行了应用,将采煤机正常割煤时司机处的总粉尘质量浓度由3 097.0 mg/m^3降至52.6 mg/m^3,取得了显著的降尘效果。

In view of dust pollution problem in coal mining process, following the concept of “restraining first, controlling later and reducing finally”, this paper puts forward a comprehensive treatment measure by using high efficiency anti-dust sprays to wet coal body rapidly, then controlling the dust flow along the side of the coal wall by using the dust control spray, and finally taking airborne spray ejector dust collector to control dust. The key technologies and equipments, such as combined spray dust suppression on the top of the support, spray dust control and dust removal by the shearer, and airborne dust removal on the shearer, were mainly studied by combining laboratory experiment and field experiment. It was also applied in the fully mechanized working face with high dust intensity, the total dust mass concentration at the driver’s place during the normal coal cutting of the shearer was reduced from 3 097.0 mg/m^ 3 to 52.6 mg/m^ 3, the effect of dust removal was significant.