贸易平衡、开放水平与产业竞争视角下的中美关税政策

Trade Balance,Openness and China-US Tariff Policy under Industrial Competition Context

美国对华加征关税,是以贸易保护措施威慑中国,达成削减对华逆差、实现“公平贸易”以及维持竞争优势等多重政策目标的最终体现。中国基于对等反击原则下的关税反制清单,受到以产业竞争优势为关键因素的政策空间的制约。文章通过两国关税清单的分解和量化,判断美国关税政策的重要意图为维护本国在高技术制造业的国际竞争力,而中国仅在技术含量较低的制造业和初级产品行业中采取了积极的反击措施。两国拥有在贸易平衡和促进开放的目标下达成谅解的基础,但是有关国家产业战略发展的争端可能会长期持续存在。

The United States has initiated tariff-adding measures against China,which is the ultimate embodiment of the multiple policy objectives of reducing trade deficits,achieving fair trade and maintaining competitive advantage. China’s tariff counter list based on the principle of reciprocal counterattack is subject to the policy space that is determined by the industrial competitive advantage. Through the decomposition and quantification of the tariff list of the two countries,this paper judges that the important intention of the US tariff policy is to maintain the international competitiveness of the US in high-tech manufacturing,and China has only taken active counterattack in the low-tech manufacturing and primary products industries. Counter measures. The two countries have the basis for understanding under the goal of trade balance and promoting openness,but disputes over the development of national industrial strategies may persist for a long time.