变化中的孝悌:乡土文化振兴视域下留守老人的生活记忆和社会关怀研究——基于H省T村的口述史分析

Changing Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty: Research on the Life Memory and Social Care of Left behind Elderly from Perspective of Revitalization of Local Culture——Oral History Analysis Based on T Village of H Province

乡土文化振兴蕴涵“孝治”、“德治”和“法治”相结合的家风家德建设、社区保障的完善以及乡村养老文化的重塑。乡村留守老人的生活记忆既是家风家德建设的纽带,也是乡土文明的根系;根植在乡村留守老人生活记忆中的不仅是乡村社会的变迁,也是对乡风乡俗的深刻体悟与活态传承。孝文化家庭传承的断裂、社会养老文化变迁和家庭照料机制的变化是留守老人生活困境的深层成因。家庭结构、乡村共同体的生活模式和文化共性是留守老人生活记忆的抽象载体和构建老年社会关怀制度的重要切入点。基于“记忆—教育—传承”的框架梳理老年人生活记忆、养老文化变迁和敬老环境优化的内在关联机制,明晰留守老人社会关怀的内容包括基于代际合作的家庭亲情关怀、社区邻里互助网络和公共生活空间营造、敬老助老的社会道德关怀、以及老年人自我关怀能力的构建。建议通过家庭教育的传承、学校教育的引导、社会教育的倡导和熏陶绵续乡土社会的孝治关怀和文化振兴。

Rural revitalization includes construction of family ethics,improvement of community security and reshaping rural old-age pension culture,which combines "filial piety policy;""rule of virtue",and"rule of law". It is not only change of rural society,but also profound understanding and vivid inheritance of rural customs that are rooted in life memory of rural elderly. Breakage of family inheritance of filial piety culture,change of social pension culture and family care mechanism are deep causes of dilemma.Family structure,life pattern of rural community and cultural commonness are abstract carriers of social memory of rural elderly and important entry points of caring system. Interpret internal relevant mechanism of social memory,elderly cultural change and optimize environment for elderly respecting based on framework of "memory-education-inheritance". Caring system includes building of family affectionate care based on the intergenerational cooperation,community neighborhood mutual assistance network and public living space,social moral care which including culture of respect and help the elderly,and ability of elderly to care for themselves. It is suggested that filial piety care and cultural revitalization should be continued through inheritance of family education,guidance of school advocacy and edification of social education.