全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

Key Technologies and Prospects of All-Climate New Energy Vehicles

全气候新能源汽车是指能够适应包括高温、高原、高湿和极寒等各种气候环境的新能源汽车。相对于目前高温高湿环境下较为成熟的隔热散热与防护技术,新能源汽车在超过-30℃的极寒环境下存在无法启动、续驶里程锐减、充电困难等问题,是国际社会公认的制约新能源汽车全气候应用的难题。本文分析研究了动力电池自加热技术、高效冷暖一体化热泵空调技术、新型整车隔热保温技术等全气候新能源汽车技术体系,并进行了整车集成开发及极寒环境试验,最后分析了全气候新能源汽车的技术发展趋势。本文所述的研究成果将通过在2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会上率先进行示范应用,从而推动我国乃至国际新能源汽车的全气候应用。

An all-climate new energy vehicle can adapt to various climatic conditions including high temperature, high humidity, and extreme cold. Currently, mature heat insulation and protective technologies have been developed to cope with high-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, at temperatures below .30 ℃, new energy vehicles are unable to start and hard to charge, and their driving range drops markedly. These problems restrict the all-climate application of new energy vehicles. In this paper, the power battery self-heating, integrated heat pump air-conditioning, and new whole-vehicle thermal insulation technologies are investigated. Integrated vehicle development and extremely cold environment tests have been conducted. The technology development trends of all-climate new energy vehicles are also analyzed. The research achievement described in this paper will be applied to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, thus promoting the all-climate application of new energy vehicles in China and even in the world.