小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红3号’的优质高产栽培技术研究

Culture techniques for good-quality and high-yield of new small-fruited watermelon cultivar ‘Shengnühong 3’

‘圣女红3号’是上海市农业科学院园艺研究所育成的特早熟、优质、小果型西瓜新品种,该品种综合抗病抗逆性强、品质优、果皮韧性强、耐贮运,可采收二茬瓜。为提高‘圣女红3号’的品质和商品产量,加速新品种的推广,开展了配套栽培技术研究。结果表明:‘圣女红3号’的春播早熟覆盖栽培,采用单蔓整枝方式为佳,即保留主蔓,摘除所有侧蔓,并控制主蔓上第二或第三雌花坐果,比留侧蔓坐果提早4—6d上市,商品瓜产量增加11.1%。单蔓整枝最佳种植密度以株距22—25cm、行距250cm、11500—12500株/hm^2为佳,基肥施用量以精制有机肥22.5t/hm^2+狮马牌复合肥375kg/hm^2为宜。膨瓜肥采用叶面追肥方式为佳,坐果后每4—5d叶面喷施一次500倍液狮马牌高钾叶面肥(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%),每次15kg/hm^2,商品瓜产量比不追肥对照增产26.8%,比传统滴灌或穴施追肥方式增产20%以上,并显著提高了果实的品质。

In order to improve the fruit quality and yield of the new small-fruited watermelon cultivar‘Shengnühong 3’,the greenhouse culture techniques of the cultivar were studied.‘Shengnühong 3’is suitable for spring greenhouse culture in Shanghai and its surrounding areas.The results showed that a single-vine pruning method which kept the main branch was the most suitable to the cultivar’s spring greenhouse cultivation,and selected the 2nd or 3rd female flower on 10th to 14th nodes for fruit setting.Its suitable planting density was 11 500-12 500 plants/hm^2 with plant spacing 22-25 cm and row spacing 250 cm.Before planting,375 kg/hm^2 Shima Brand complex fertilizer(N∶P∶K=15%∶15%∶15%)plus 22.5 t/hm^2 organic fertilizer should be applied.During the fruit expansion period,it should be fertilized with the foliar topdressing.The foliar application of 7.5 kg/hm^2 of 500-fold solution of Shima Brand high potassium fertilizer(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%)should be sprayed every 4-5 d.It could increase the fruit yield by 26.8%comparing with no topdressing(CK),and the fruit quality improved significantly.