中美贸易战:动因、形式及影响因素

The US-China Trade War: Motivation,Form and Influencing Factors

特朗普政府对华发动贸易战,是中美关系近年所面临的最严峻挑战。特朗普政府对华贸易战是经济、战略、政治和特朗普总统本人等多重因素共同作用的结果。美国作为贸易战的挑起方,依靠自身强大的经济实力和在中美经贸关系中的相对优势,围绕道义、法律、中国身份、技术、联盟和具体公司等领域对华重点施压,中方也在相应领域对美采取反制措施,迫使美国用谈判方式解决双边贸易摩擦。从进程看,经济和政治因素深刻塑造着贸易战的走向。总体上,中美经贸关系的政治和安全外溢性有所加强,容易成为两国战略竞争的诱发因素,需要双方进行严肃管控。

The Trump administration’s trade war against China has been the most serious challenge facing Sino-US relations in recent years.The US-China trade war results from multiple factors such as economics,strategy,politics,and the personality of President Trump.With strong economic strength and comparative advantages in Sino-US economic and trade relations,the US starts the trade war and pressures China in means of morality,legislation,Chinese identity,technology,alliances,and business entities.China has also taken countermeasures in those corresponding fields,making efforts to bring the US back to the negotiating table.With regard to the process of the trade war,economic and political factors have profoundly shaped the direction of the trade war.On the whole,the political and security spillovers of Sino-US economic and trade relations have been reinforced,and it is likely to result in the strategic competition between China and the US,which require serious management by both sides.