从语法化看日语复合动词后项动词的“体”与“情态”性

Study on the “Aspect” and “Modality”of Japanese Compound Verbs from the Perspective of Grammaticalization

同一形式的后项动词在不同复合动词中表达不同的意思,这种多义性来自后项动词的语法化过程。本文以此类后项动词为对象,将其语法化过程分为三个阶段,考察后项动词在各阶段中的语义及语法特征:在第一阶段中,后项动词多保留原义,表示动作本身或指明前项动作的方向;在第二阶段中,后项动词失去原义,表示前项动作的“开始”“继续”或“完成”,具有“体”的语法特征;在第三阶段中,后项动词失去原义,表示说话人的态度或评价,具有“情态“的语法特征。通过语法化过程的考察,可以更加明确“词汇型复合动词”与“句法型复合动词”之间存在的连续性。

Latter verbs of same form convey different meanings in different compound verbs,which result from the grammaticalization of the latter verb.In this paper,the grammaticalization process of latter verbs is divided into three stages,and the semantic and grammatical features of latter verbs in each stage are examined.In the first stage,latter verbs remain the original meaning of presenting action itself or indicating preceding verbs’potential moving orientation;in the second stage,latter verbs exist to only stand for the“aspect”of beginning,continuation or completion of the preceding verb;and in the last stage,latter verbs are of grammatical features of“modality”to represent speakers’attitude and evaluation.The study on grammaticalization process helps to ravel out the continuity between“lexical compound verbs”and“syntactic compound verbs”.