汽车后排座椅行李箱冲击的仿真分析及结构优化

Safety Analysis of Vehicle Rear Seat Luggage Impact

汽车座椅是乘员和汽车之间重要连接纽带,是保证乘员安全的关键零部件之一。为提高汽车座椅的安全性能,减少后排乘员因再次碰撞引起的伤亡,国标GB15083-2006补充了对移动行李后排乘员防护的特殊规定。以某型汽车后排座椅骨架为研究对象,建立仿真模型,运用非线性有限元方法进行仿真研究。计算结果表明该款座椅在行李箱冲击工况中刚度不足,靠背出现了失稳现象。根据仿真结果,提出了优化方案,提高座椅骨架的整体刚度,增强抗变形能力。通过对优化方案进行仿真验证,优化后的后排座椅结构抗冲击能力提升显著,可以满足强制法规的要求。

Vehicle seat is an important link between passengers and vehicles.It is one of the key components to ensure occupant safety.In order to improve the safety of the seat and reduce the casualties caused by the second collision,in the national standard GB 15083-2006,the special provisions for the protection of the mobile baggage occupants is increased.Taking a vehicle rear seat skeleton as the research object,CAD and CAE models were established,and the nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate it.The calculation results show that the seat skeleton is insufficient in the impact condition of the trunk,and the instability of the backrest appears.According to the simulation results,an optimization scheme was proposed to improve the stiffness of the seat skeleton and enhance the anti deformation ability.Through the simulation of the optimization scheme,the optimized rear seat structure has significant impact resistance,which can satisfy the requirements of the mandatory regulations.