“新农合”对农村居民收入差距的影响研究

A Research on the Impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System on the Income Gap of Rural Residents

利用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,实证分析了“新农合”对农村居民收入差距的影响。研究发现,“新农合”增大了农村居民收入差距,工具变量估计结果证实了“新农合”对农村居民收入差距作用的因果效应。进一步,双重差分模型(DID)估计结果证实了这一因果效应的稳健性。异质性分析发现,个体层面,“新农合”对农村居民收入差距的增大作用,主要发生在中老年人、女性和已婚居民群体中;空间层面,“新农合”对农村居民收入差距的增大作用,主要发生在东部地区居民群体中。据此认为,“新农合”增大农村居民收入差距这一事实一定程度上制约了“新农合”制度应有效用的发挥。

Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) on the income gap of rural residents. It is found that the NCMS has increased the income gap of rural residents. The results of instrumental variable estimation confirm the causal effect of the NCMS on the income gap of rural residents. Furthermore, the robustness of the causal effect is confirmed by the results of the difference-in-differences model (DID) estimation. Heterogeneity analysis finds that, at the individual level, the NCMS has increased the income gap of rural residents, mainly on the elderly, women and the married groups;at the spatial level, the increasing effect of the NCMS on the income gap of rural residents mainly occurs on the eastern residents. Therefore, the fact that the income gap of rural residents is increased by the NCMS restricts the effective play of the NCMS to a certain extent.